Eczema
Also called Atopic dermatitis
- Typical age
- Often starts 2–6 months
- Where
- cheeks, scalp, elbows, knees, body
- Fever
- no
- Itchy
- yes
- Contagious
- No
- Usually lasts
- Comes and goes; many children improve with age
What it looks like
Dry, rough, red or darker patches that may ooze or crust. Very itchy. In babies often on cheeks and outer arms and legs; in toddlers in elbow and knee creases.
On brown and black skin, redness may look purple, grey or darker than surrounding skin; texture (raised, rough, blistered) is often the better clue.
What causes it
A leaky skin barrier plus genetics; often runs in families with asthma or hay fever.
What helps at home
- Moisturise with a thick fragrance-free cream or ointment at least twice a day, and right after baths.
- Short lukewarm baths; pat dry.
- Soft cotton clothes; keep nails short.
When to call about eczema
Call 911 or go to the ER now
- Sudden widespread painful blisters with fever (eczema herpeticum)
- Rash that does not fade when you press a clear glass against it (possible petechiae or purpura)
- Baby under 3 months with a temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher
Call your pediatrician today
- Skin weeping, crusted yellow or with painful blisters (possible infection)
- Itch disturbing sleep
- Not controlled by moisturiser
General guidance based on AAP, NHS and CDC advice, not a diagnosis. If your gut says something is wrong, call your pediatrician or nurse line. You never need permission to seek care.
Questions parents ask
Is eczema caused by food allergy?
Usually not directly, though babies with severe early eczema have a higher chance of food allergy. The AAP now encourages early introduction of peanut products in many babies; talk to your pediatrician first if eczema is severe.
Rashes often confused with eczema
- Cradle cap · scalp, eyebrows, behind ears
- Baby acne · cheeks, nose, forehead
- Milia · nose, cheeks, chin
- Chickenpox · face, chest, back